Timeline of largest projects in the Russian economy

This timeline of largest projects in the Russian economy includes both megaprojects, costing over $1 billion, and other large investment projects, typically costing between $100 million and $1 billion. Projects with investments below $100 million also may be included here, either as parts of larger projects, or in case of major international significance and media coverage. In case of projects involving new vehicle models, the cost of development is taken into account as well as the cost of production.

The timeline starts from 1992, the first year after the formation of the modern Russian Federation. Main project areas covered here include infrastructure, energy, industry, weaponry, communications, science & technology, education, sports, and housing.

The projects are arranged by the actual or expected date of full completion, or completion of their first stage. Certain subprojects, that have been completed already, may be listed under their parent projects yet in development. Megaprojects are listed in bold, while planned projects are listed in italics.

1 Project areas
2 1992
3 1993
4 1994
5 1995
6 1996
7 1997
8 1998
9 1999
10 2000
11 2001
12 2002
13 2003
14 2004
15 2005
16 2006
17 2007
18 2008
19 2009
20 2010
21 2011
22 2012
23 2013
24 2014
25 2015
26 2016
27 2017
28 2018
29 2019
30 2020
31 2025
32 2030
33 References
34 See also

Project areas

Airports: new international airports, large expansions and reconstructions of airports (millions of passengers per year capacity)
Arctic: major projects aimed into scientific exploration and economic development of the Arctic
Automotive industry: major serial car models, new car factories
Bridges: large-scale bridge construction projects (over 1000 metres in length)
Civilian aviation: new serial models of civilian aircraft
Culture: construction and reconstruction of major cultural objects (museums, temples, theatres, etc.)
Dams & Hydropower: large hydropower plants (over 100 MW installed capacity); major protective dams
Education: large-scale projects in education; major new universities and education centers
Electronics: major projects in electronics
Helicopters: new serial models of civilian and military helicopters
High-speed rail: new high-speed rail services and lines
Housing: major projects of new residential, public and commercial areas, technologically unique and superlative buildings
Industry: new industrial parks, large factories, major projects in heavy industry
Infrastructure: complex infrastructural projects, involving renovation and expansion of infrastructure of the entire regions or urban areas; major mixed transport corridors and sea lines of communication
Internet: national-scale Internet-related projects
Military aviation: new serial models of military aircraft
Mining: large-scale mines launched, major mining-related projects in industry
Nuclear energy: new nuclear power plants
Oil and gas: major projects in natural gas industry (over 100 bln cubic metres of recoverable gas) and oil production (over 100 mln tonnes of recoverable oil)
Pipelines: large scale oil and natural gas pipelines

Ports: major sea ports, large expansions and reconstructions of port terminals
Railways: large-scale railway lines, major railway terminals, new services and train models
Rapid-transit: new rapid transit systems, additional metro lines, technologically unique and superlative metro stations
Roadways: federal motorways, major urban ring roads and freeways
Rockets: new classes of military and civilian launch vehicles
Satellite systems: space-based communication and monitoring systems
Science: major scientific projects
Skyscrapers: tallest skyscrapers (over 150 metre in height for individual projects; 100 metre for subprojects)
Space exploration: major space research missions and projects of the Russian Space Agency
Spaceports: new rocket launch complexes and modes of launching
Sport and games: major sport venues, top international sporting events and new international tournaments
Submarines: new diesel and nuclear submarine classes, new nuclear submarines
Surface ships: new military and civilian ship classes, new nuclear ships
Technology: complex integrated technology projects, new innovation centers, technoparks and technology-oriented special economic zones
Television: international Russian-based TV channels, broadcasting of major international events held in Russia
Thermal power: large thermal power plants (over 100 MW installed capacity)
Tunnels: longest tunnels (over about 1000 metres in length)
Weaponry: major serial types of weaponry, technologically unique and superlative weapons

1992

Sukhoi Su-30 multi-role fighter^[1] (April) Y Done (the date of the first flight of a serial aircraft is given; originally the spin-off project in the Sukhoi Su-27 family, it was renamed Sukhoi Su-30 in 1996)
K-456 Vilyuchinsk^[2] (August) Y Done (an Oscar class nuclear submarine; the date of introduction into service is given)
State University – Higher School of Economics^[3] (November) Y Done (major university specializing in social sciences; the first Russian higher education institution to adopt the business school model and the Bologna system)
Thermal Power Plant 27 in Moscow^[4] (December) Y Done (1060 MW of installed capacity; the date of completion of the first unit is given)

1993

NS Yamal^[5] Y Done (an Arktika class nuclear powered icebreaker)
Neustrashimy class frigate^[6] Y Done (the most modern large frigate class currently in service in the Russian Navy)
Nuclotron^[7] (March) Y Done (the world's first superconductive syncrotron, exploited by the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Moscow Oblast; the date of the start of experiments is given)
Ilyushin Il-96^[8] (July) Y Done (the date of the start of passenger operations is given)
K-336 Pskov^[9] (December) Y Done (a Sierra class nuclear submarine; the date of introduction into service is given)

1994

.ru^[10] (April) Y Done (the Latin alphabet Internet country code top-level domain for Russia; introduced on April 7, 1994, the formal birthday of the Runet)
GAZelle^[11] (July) Y Done (the most popular series of mid-sized trucks, vans and buses in Russia)
Rokot^[12] (December) Y Done (space launcher converted from the UR-100N intercontinental ballistic missile; the date of the first commercial launch given)

1995

Kamov Ka-31 military helicopter ^[13] Y Done (naval helicopter with airborne early warning role; the date of adoption for service is given)
Moscow Internet Exchange^[14] Y Done (the largest Internet Exchange Point in Russia; controls over 80% of Russian Internet and most international traffic)
K-141 Kursk^[15] (January) Y Done (an Oscar class nuclear submarine; the date of introduction into service is given)
A-135 anti-ballistic missile system^[16] (February) Y Done (an integrated anti-ballistic missile system around Moscow)
Sukhoi Su-39 ground-attack aircraft^[17] (April) Y Done (the modernized export-oriented version of the Sukhoi Su-25TM; the date of the start of serial production is given)
Museum of the Great Patriotic War, Moscow^[18] (May) Y Done (a giant museum dedicated to the Great Patriotic War, opened on the 50th anniversary of the Victory Day)
Kamov Ka-50 attack helicopter^[19] (August) Y Done (the first helicopter with ejection seat; the date of adoption for service is given while the first flights were made in the 1980s; later Ka-50 was modified to the two-seat variant, Kamov Ka-52, and the production fully switched to the latter model)
K-157 Vepr^[20] (November) Y Done (an Akula class nuclear submarine; the date of introduction into service is given)
Lyublinsko-Dmitrovskaya Line of the Moscow Metro^[21] (December) Y Done (The 10th line in the system; construction of additional stations proceeds)

1996

Tupolev Tu-204 medium range airliner^[22] (February) Y Done (the date of the start of passenger operations is given)
NTV Plus^[23] (September) Y Done (the first and one of the most successful digital satellite television services in Russia)

1997

Moscow Ring Road reconstruction^[24] Y Done (the highest-traffic beltway of Moscow along the border of the city; while originally built in 1960s, in 1994-97 the road was widened from the initial four to ten lanes and turned into freeway)
Tolmachevo International Airport expansion (Novosibirsk)^[25] Y Done (currently the 6th largest airport in Russia by passenger traffic; the completion date of the first stage of expansion is given; further expansions were made in 2000s)
Yamal–Europe pipeline (natural gas)^[26] Y Done
Start-1^[27] (March) Y Done (satellite launcher based on the RT-2PM Topol; the date of the first spacecraft launch given)
Bora class guided missile hovercraft^[28] (May) Y Done
Olya Sea Port^[29] (June) Y Done (major port at the Caspian Sea; the cargo turnover is expected to rise up to 30 mln tons per year in 2010s; the date of the 1st terminal opening is given; more terminals were opened in 2000s, construction proceeds)
Improved Kilo class submarine^[30] (August) Y Done (a diesel-electric submarine class)
Sportivnaya (Saint Petersburg Metro)^[31] (September) Y Done (The first station of the future Ring Line; the only two-level single-vault transfer station in the world)
Baku–Novorossiysk pipeline (oil)^[32] (October) Y Done
RT-2UTTKh Topol M^[33] (December) Y Done (the main mobile ICBM currently in service with the Strategic Rocket Forces of Russia)

1998

Irganai Dam^[34] Y Done (the largest derivational HPS in Russia; the date of the first powerblock installation is given; construction proceeds)
Battlecruiser Pyotr Velikiy^[35] (April) Y Done (a Kirov class nuclear powered battlecruiser; currently the largest, heaviest and most powerful surface combatant warship in the world)
Khabarovsk Bridge reconstruction and doubling^[36] (June) Y Done (with a length of 2.600 kilometres, and 3.890,5 kilometres if the high-way is taken into account, it is the sixth longest bridge in Russia; the second stage of the new railway bridge was completed in November 2009)
Shtil' submarine-based launch vehicle^[37] (July) Y Done (the first submarine-launched spacecraft system; first launched from the Delta IV submarine K-407 "Novomoskovsk")
TagAZ car plant^[38] (September) Y Done
Russian Orbital Segment of the International Space Station^[39] (November) Y Done (the date when the first ROS and ISS module was launched; ISS construction proceeds)

1999

Sea Launch^[40] (March) Y Done (International cooperation with major Russian role in technology; Russia controls the reorganized project from 2010 on)
Sakhalin-II (oil and gas)^[41] (July) Y Done (international project in Russian EEZ; the largest integrated oil and gas project in the world, involving the usage of the first ever offshore oil rig in Russia; the date of the start of oil production is given)

2000

2000 IIHF World Championship in Saint Petersburg^[42] (April–May) Y Done
- Ice Palace Saint Petersburg^[43] Y Done
Cathedral of Christ the Saviour reconstruction in Moscow^[44] (August) Y Done (demolished in the Soviet times and rebuilt in 1990–2000 it is the main cathedral of the Russian Orthodox Church and a symbol of Russia's religious renaissance; at 103 metres of height, it is the tallest Orthodox church in the world)
Surgut Bridge^[45] (September) Y Done (the longest span for a single-tower cable-stayed bridge in the world; with a length of 2.110 kilometres, and a span of 408 metres, it is the 12th longest bridge in Russia)
New Saratov Bridge^[46] (December) Y Done (with a length of 1.315,9 kilometres, and 12.760 kilometres if the high-way is taken into account, it is the third longest bridge in Russia; the second stage was completed in October 2009)
Sukhoi Su-30MKK strike fighter^[47] (December) Y Done (an upgraded version of the Sukhoi Su-30 jointly-developed by Russia and China; the date of the introduction into service is given)
North-West Thermal Power Plant in Saint Petersburg^[48] (December) Y Done (900 MW of installed capacity; the first power station in Russia to use combined cycle; the date of completion of the first unit is given)

2001

Surgut International Airport reconstruction and expansion^[49] (March) Y Done (in 2008 the passenger traffic exceeded 1 million; the completion date of the first new terminal is given)
Rostov Nuclear Power Plant^[50] (March) Y Done (construction of additional powerblocks proceeds)
Soyuz-FG^[51] (May) Y Done (an improved version of the Soyuz-U, from the R-7 family of rockets; since October 30, 2002 the only vehicle used by the Russian Federal Space Agency to launch Soyuz-TMA manned spacecraft to the ISS)
Caspian Pipeline Consortium (oil)^[52] (October) Y Done
Baltic Pipeline System (oil)^[53] (December) Y Done (In April 2006 the Baltic Pipeline System reached full design capacity)
Primorsk Oil Port^[54] (December) Y Done (the date of the 1st stage opening is given; the 2nd and the 3rd oil terminals were opened in 2004 and 2006)
Ust-Luga Sea Port^[55] (December) Y Done (the date of the 1st coal terminal opening is given; more terminals were opened in 2000s, construction proceeds)

2002

Aeroexpress^[56] Y Done (the first aeroexpress line in Russia, between Paveletsky Rail Terminal in Moscow and Domodedovo International Airport; in 2008 was passed under the control of the Aeroexpress company, the largest air rail link operator in Russia established in 2005)
Kamov Ka-226 utility helicopter^[57] Y Done (the date of introduction into service is given)
Valday dry cargo ship^[58] (July) Y Done
Gepard class frigate^[59] (August) Y Done (the most modern frigate class currently in service in the Russian Navy)
Sukhoi Su-30MKI air superiority fighter^[60] (September) Y Done ( a variant of the Sukhoi Su-30 jointly-developed by Russia and India for the Indian Air Force; the date of the introduction into service is given)
GM-AvtoVAZ car plant^[61] (September) Y Done (joint venture between General Motors and AvtoVAZ; the date of the start of serial production is given)
Kama Bridge in Tatarstan^[62] (October) Y Done (with a length of 1.608 kilometres, and 13.967 kilometres if the high-way and adjacent two bridges are taken into account, it is the longest bridge structure in Russia)
Luzhniki Metro Bridge reconstruction^[63] (December) Y Done (contains the station Vorobyovy Gory (Moscow Metro), the world's first metro station on a bridge; originally built in 1958, it then decayed and was almost totally rebuilt in 1997-2002)

2003

Edelweiss skyscraper in Moscow^[64] Y Done (176 metre high, one of the tallest buildings in Russia)
Park Pobedy (Moscow Metro)^[65] (May) Y Done (The longest metro escalators in the world; the first station of the future Solntsevskaya Line)
Ladozhsky Rail Terminal in Saint Petersburg^[66] (May) Y Done
Beriev Be-200 multipurpose amphibious aircraft^[67] (June) Y Done (the date of the first flight of a serial aircraft)
Talwar class frigate^[68] (June) Y Done (the class of frigates designed and built by Russia for the Indian Navy; the date of commissioning the first ship is given; 3 ships have been built and 3 more are in production)
Bureya Dam^[69] (July) Y Done (the date of the first powerblock installation is given; completed in 2009)
Kineshma Bridge^[70] (November) Y Done (1.64 kilometres long)
Severomuysky Tunnel^[71] (December) Y Done (at 15,343 metres, the longest railway tunnel in Russia; the last completed part of the Baikal Amur Mainline)
Third Ring Road (Moscow)^[72] (December) Y Done (the newest completed beltway of Moscow)
- Lefortovo tunnel^[73] (December) Y Done (at 3.2 km long, it is the longest urban tunnel in Russia, and the third-longest in Europe; the last completed part of the Third Ring Road)
Domodedovo International Airport reconstruction and expansion (Moscow)^[74] (December) Y Done (currently the largest airport in Russia by passenger traffic; the completion date of the first stage of reconstruction is given; the number of passengers expanded from 12.1 mln in 2004 to 18.7 mln in 2009)
Butovskaya Line of the Moscow Metro^[75] (December) Y Done (The 12th line in the system; the first Light Metro in Russia; construction of additional stations proceeds)

2004

Sparrow Hills residential complex in Moscow^[76] Y Done (the tallest tower is 188 metre high, one of the tallest buildings in Russia)
Derways Automobile Company^[77] (January) Y Done (the first newly launched private car producer in Russia)
Vnukovo International Airport reconstruction and expansion (Moscow)^[78] (April) Y Done (currently the third largest airport in Russia by passenger traffic; the completion date of the first stage of reconstruction is given; additional passenger terminals were opened in 2006 and 2010)
Lada Kalina^[79] (November) Y Done (low cost supermini car from AvtoVAZ; the date of the start of serial production is given)
Moscow Monorail^[80] (November) Y Done

2005

GAZ-2330 Tigr^[81] Y Done (a high-mobility multi-purpose off-road vehicle, primarily used by police and army)
Krasnodar International Airport reconstruction^[82] Y Done (currently the 7th largest airport in Russia by passenger traffic; the completion date of the first stage of reconstruction is given)
Yemelyanovo Airport reconstruction and expansion (Krasnoyarsk)^[83] Y Done (currently the 14th largest airport in Russia by passenger traffic; the completion date of the first stage of reconstruction is given; another major expansion was made in 2008)
Nakhodkinskoye gas field^[84] (April) Y Done
UAZ Patriot^[85] (August) Y Done (a mid-size SUV model)
Akhtsu Tunnel in Sochi^[86] (August) Y Done (2625.7 metres long roadway tunnel)
Millennium of Kazan^[87] (July–August) Y Done
- Qolsharif Mosque^[88] (July) Y Done
- Millennium Bridge^[89] (July) Y Done
- Kazan Metro^[90] (August) Y Done (the first line; construction of additional stations proceeds)
- Kazan International Airport reconstruction^[91] Y Done (currently the 18th largest airport in Russia by passenger traffic; the completion date of the first stage of reconstruction is given; a major expansion is planned in 2010s)
Kola Bay Bridge^[92] (October) Y Done (with a length of 1.6 kilometres, and 2.5 kilometres if the high-way is taken into account, it is the 9th longest bridge in Russia and the world's longest automobile bridge north of the Polar Circle)
Sakhalin-I (oil and gas)^[93] (October) Y Done (international project in Russian EEZ; the date of the start of oil production is given)
Blue Stream gas pipeline^[94] (November) Y Done (actually the first gas flows from Russia to Turkey started in February 2003)
RT (TV network)^[95] (December) Y Done (global multilingual television news network based in Russia, the first all-digital Russian TV network)
Koltsovo International Airport reconstruction and expansion (Yekaterinburg)^[96] (December) Y Done (currently the 5th largest airport in Russia by passenger traffic; the completion date of the first stage of reconstruction is given; further expansions were made in 2007 and 2009)

2006

Kamov Ka-60 military transport helicopter^[97]Y Done (the date of adoption for service is given; Ka-60 is expected to be modified into the Kamov Ka-62 in the 2010s)
Kazan Ansat multipurpose helicopter^[98]Y Done (the date of start of the serial production is given; currently in service with the Russian military; civilian version sales are expected since 2012)
Triumph Palace^[99] Y Done (at 264.33 metres, it is the site of the tallest European hotel and was the tallest building in Europe upon completion; similar in appearance to the Seven Sisters skyscrapers of the 1950s)
Sukhoi Su-80 STOL transport aircraft^[100] (June) Y Done (the date of the first flight of a serial aircraft)
Yasny Cosmodrome^[101] (July) Y Done
De-Kastri terminal^[102] (August) Y Done (belongs to the Sakhalin-I international consortium; on of the largest oil terminals on the Russian Far East)
Buyan class corvette^[103] (September) Y Done (stealth-capable, the most modern corvette class currently in service in the Russian Navy)
Skolkovo Moscow School of Management^[104] (September) Y Done (graduate business school located near Moscow; a joint project by major Russian and international business leaders; construction of the new campus proceeds)
Soyuz-2 rocket family^[105] (October) Y Done (a new version of the Soyuz rocket; the date of the first commercial launch given)
Southern Federal University^[106] (November) Y Done (the largest higher education center in the Southern Russia; formed on the basis of Rostov State University and several other institutions; the new campus is currently under construction)
Siberian Federal University^[107] (November) Y Done (major higher education center in the Central Siberia; formed on the basis of Krasnoyarsk State University and several other institutions)
Khakas Aluminium Smelter^[108] (December) Y Done

2007

Sukhoi Su-34 fighter-bomber^[109] (January) Y Done (the date of the introduction into the military is given)
NS 50 Let Pobedy^[110] (March) Y Done (the largest icebreaker in the world)
Sheremetyevo International Airport reconstruction and expansion (Moscow)^[111] (March) Y Done (currently the second largest airport in Russia by passenger traffic; the completion date of the first stage of reconstruction is given; another new passenger terminal was opened in November 2009)
Lada Priora^[112] (March) Y Done (economy car, the newest car model family from AvtoVAZ; the date of the start of serial production is given)
S-400 Triumf air defence system^[113] (April) Y Done (outshadows the capabilities of world's other active air defence systems; the date of introduction to service is given)
2007 IIHF World Championship in Moscow^[114] (April–May)
- Megasport Arena^[115] Y Done (opened in 2006)
- Mytishchi Arena^[116] Y Done (opened in 2005)
Rusiya Al-Yaum^[117] (May) Y Done (international Russian TV news channel broadcasting in Arabic)

R-29RMU Sineva^[118] (July) Y Done (the most modern Russian submarine-launched ballistic missile currently in service; the date of introduction into military is given)
Arktika 2007 polar expedition^[119] (July–August) Y Done (the expedition in which Russia performed the first ever crewed descent to the ocean bottom at the North Pole, as part of research related to the 2001 Russian territorial claim)
Khrabrovo Airport reconstruction and expansion (Kaliningrad)^[120] (August) Y Done (currently the 9th largest airport in Russia by passenger traffic; the completion date of the first stage of reconstruction is given)
Father of all bombs^[121] (September) Y Done (the most powerful conventional weapon ever tested)
Steregushchy class corvette^[122] (November) Y Done (the most modern corvette class currently in service in the Russian Navy)
Yuzhno-Russkoye field (oil and gas)^[123] (December) Y Done
Zhivopisny Bridge in Moscow^[124] (December) Y Done (one of the highest cable-stayed bridges in Europe)
North-Western Tunnel in Moscow^[125] (December) Y Done (a road and subway tunnel; at 3.1 km long, it is the second longest urban tunnel in Russia, and the fourth-longest in Europe)

2008

Mikoyan MiG-29K carrier-based multirole fighter^[126] Y Done (the date of the first deliveries to the Indian Navy is given; introduction into the Russian Navy is expected in 2010-2011)
Mil Mi-28 attack helicopter^[127] (January) Y Done (the date of introduction into military is given)
Sever Pipeline (gas)^[128] (May) Y Done
Kontinental Hockey League inauguration^[129] (September) Y Done
Verkhnechonskoye field (oil and gas)^[130] (October) Y Done (major source field for the Eastern Siberia – Pacific Ocean oil pipeline)
Grozny Central Dome Mosque^[131] (October) Y Done (one of the very largest mosques in Europe and Russia; in this mosque 10,000 Muslims can pray at a time and its minarets reach 60m high)
Frunzensko-Primorskaya Line of the Saint Petersburg Metro^[132] (December) Y Done (The 5th line in the system; some stations were used earlier as parts of the 4th line)

2009

Sakhalin Energy LNG plant in Prigorodnoye^[133] (February) Y Done (the first LNG plant in Russia, a part of Sakhalin-II project)
2009 Eurovision Song Contest in Moscow^[134] (May) Y Done (the most expensive Eurovision edition ever)
Antonov An-148 regional jet^[135] (June) Y Done (Ukrainian-Russian plane, designed mostly in Ukraine, produced mostly in Russia and from Russian-made details; the date of introduction into service is given)
Yakovlev Yak-130 advanced jet trainer^[136] (July) Y Done (the date of introduction into service is given)
Vankor Field (oil and gas)^[137] (August) Y Done
Dzuarikau–Tskhinval pipeline (gas)^[138] (August) Y Done (gas pipeline from Russia to South Ossetia over the Large Caucasus ridge; the world's highest gas pipeline)
Technopolis Gusev^[139] (August) Y Done (a modern electronics industrial park in Kaliningrad Oblast started in 2008; the date of launching of the first new plants is given; development proceeds)
Northern Sea Route international commercial navigation^[140] (September) Y Done
Volgograd Bridge^[141] (October) Y Done (with a length of 1.260 kilometres, and 7.100 kilometres if the high-way is taken into account, it is the fourth longest bridge in Russia; construction of the second stage proceeds)
New Ulyanovsk Bridge^[142] (November) Y Done (with a length of 5.85 kilometres, and 12.98 kilometres if the high-way is taken into account, it is the second longest bridge in Russia and the longest bridge in Europe; the first stage is complete)
Sapsan HST on the Moscow – Saint Petersburg Railway^[143] (December) Y Done (the first regular line of high-speed rail in Russia)
RS-24 Yars^[144] (December) Y Done (the newest type of ICBM currently in service with the Russian military; the date of introduction to service is given)
Eastern Siberia – Pacific Ocean oil pipeline^[145] (December) Y Done (the first stage of the project is ready, construction proceeds)
K-152 Nerpa^[146] (December) Y Done (an Akula class nuclear submarine; the date of introduction into service is given)

2010

Kazan Federal University^[147] (April) Y Done (the largest higher education center in the Volga Region; formed on the basis of the Kazan State University and several other institutions)
North-Eastern Federal University^[148] (April) Y Done (the largest higher education center in Yakutia; formed on the basis of the Yakutsk State University)
Yuri Korchagin field (oil and gas)^[149] (April) Y Done (an offshore oil and gas field in the Caspian Sea)
Lada class submarine^[150] (May) Y Done (the newest diesel-electric submarine class in the Russian Navy; the date of introduction of the pilot vessel into service is given)
.рф (romanized as "rf")^[151] (May) Y Done (the first internationalized country code top-level domain in Cyrillic
Gelendzhik Airport reconstruction and expansion (Gelendzhik)^[152] Y Done (the second terminal is expected to be opened in 2013-2014, before the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi)
Sapsan HST on the Moscow – Nizhny Novgorod route^[153] (July) Y Done
Marussia sports car^[154] (August) Y Done (the first serial Russian supercar)
Amur Highway^[155] (September) Y Done (at 2,100-kilometers, it is the longest highway in the world, connecting the paved roads of Siberia with those of the Russian Far East)
Sukhoi Superjet 100^[156] (November) Y Done (the date of the first flight of a serial aircraft)
Chelyabinsk Pipe Rolling Plant modernization^[157] Y Done (first stages launched; the program proceeds)
- Finishing Center in Pervouralsk^[157] Y Done (launched in May 2009)
- Vysota 239 rolling mill^[157] (July) Y Done (launched in July 2010; to be fully completed in 2012)
- Iron Ozone 32 round billet mill^[157] (November) Y Done (will be operating at full capacity in 2011)
Hermitage Museum expansion in Saint Petersburg^[158] (December) Y Done (the project includes restoration of the General Staff Building on the Palace Square, which will host the State Hermitage exhibitions dedicated to the 19th-21st centuries; over 60000 square meters will be added to the museum by 2014, once again making it the largest in the world by square; the first stage of the project was completed on 10 December 2010)
Allegro HST on the Saint Petersburg – Helsinki route^[159] (December) Y Done (operated by Karelian Trains, a joint venture between Russian Railways and Finnish VR Group)

2011

Saint Petersburg Dam^[160] (August) Y Done (a 25-kilometer complex of dams for flood control across the Finnish Gulf; the flood control gates completed in July 2010, while the strengthening of the dam completed in 201q; the southern part will form the last stage of the Saint Petersburg Ring Road)
Saint Petersburg Ring Road^[161] (August) Y Done (a 115-kilometer long freeway around the city and the Neva Bay; the last uncompleted part goes through the southern part of the Saint Petersburg Dam, approaching completion)
- Big Obukhovsky Bridge^[162] Y Done (with a length of 2.8241 kilometres, and a span of 382 metres, it is the 7th longest bridge in Russia and one of the largest cable-stayed bridges globally; the only non-drawbridge over the Neva River; the first stage completed in December 2004, the second one in October 2007)
- Saint Petersburg Dam Tunnel^[161]^[163] (August) Y Done (a 1.2 km long tunnel under the southern lock of Saint Petersburg Dam, the longest undersea tunnel in Russia)
Sakhalin–Khabarovsk–Vladivostok pipeline (gas)^[164] (September) Y Done
GLONASS^[165] (October) Y Done (the second operational satellite navigation system after the American GPS; the expected date of achievement of full and permanent global coverage is given)
Bolshoi Theatre reconstruction in Moscow^[166] (October) Y Done (reconstruction and renovation of the famous Bolshoi Theater will restore some features lost in the Soviet era and add new ones, including the organ music)
MARS-500^[167] (November) Y Done (major ground-based experiment fully simulating a manned mission to Mars)
Nord Stream submerged pipeline (gas)^[168] (November) Y Done (the longest sub-sea pipeline in the world)
Admiral Sergey Gorshkov class frigate^[169] (the most modern large frigate class currently under development for the Russian Navy)
Boguchany Dam^[170]
RSM-56 Bulava^[171] (the launch vehicle will be introduced into the military in case of successful passing the tests scheduled for 2011)
Gryazovets–Vyborg gas pipeline^[172]
K-329 Severodvinsk (Yasen class submarine)^[173] (a pilot vessel of the fourth generation Yasen class nuclear multipurpose attack submarine; the date of expected introduction into service is given)
K-535 Yury Dolgorukiy (Borei class submarine)^[174] (a pilot vessel of the fourth generation Borei class nuclear submarine; the date of expected introduction into service is given)
K-550 Alexander Nevsky^[175] (a Borei class nuclear submarine; the date of expected introduction into service is given)
Mosfilm tower in Moscow^[176] (213 metre high, one of the tallest buildings in Russia)
Prirazlomnoye field (oil)^[177] (the production is based on the Prirazlomnaya platform, the first ice-resistant semi-submersible oil platform)
Sukhoi Su-35BM 4++ generation jet fighter^[178] (the expected date of introduction to service is given)

2012

Russian floating nuclear power station^[179] (The world's first nuclear power station barge, Akademik Lomonosov, was launched on 20 June 2010; at least 7 vessels are planned in total)
Angara (rocket family)^[180]
Baltic Pipeline System-II (oil)^[181]
Ivan Gren class landing ship^[182] (the most modern landing ship class currently under development for the Russian Navy)
Locomoskayner^[183] (disc-shaped hybrid airship; the expected date of production of the first large-size aircraft is given; smaller non-serial models have been built already; project is supported by Ulyanovsk Oblast)
Mariinsky Theatre Second Stage in Saint Petersburg^[184] (construction of the second stage for the famous Mariinsky Theater will make it one of the largest theaters in the world by total square)
Nizhny Novgorod Metro Bridge^[185] (The combined roadway/metro bridge will lead to the actual separation of the two lines of the Nizhny Novgorod Metro and dramatic increase in passenger ridership; the automobile level was opened in 2010)
Skolkovo innovation center^[186]
NS Vladimir Monomakh^[187] (a Borei class nuclear submarine; the date of expected introduction into service is given)
Yamal megaproject of Gazprom^[188]
- Bovanenkovo field (oil and gas)^[189] (The largest field of Yamal megaproject)
- Bovanenkovo-Ukhta pipeline (gas)^[190] (connects Yamal megaproject to Central Russia)
- Obskaya–Bovanenkovo Line^[191] Y Done (525 km long, one of the northernmost railways in the world; opened 12 January 2010)
  - Yuribey Bridge^[192] Y Done (with a 3.9 kilometer of length, it is the 5th longest bridge in Russia and the world's longest bridge north of the Polar Circle)
Ё-mobile hybrid car (pronounced as "Yo-mobile")^[193] (July) (an innovative city car with a rotor engine that can burn both gasoline and natural gas and is connected to a pair of electric motors; the date of the planned start of serial production is given)
APEC Russia 2012 in Vladivostok^[194] (September)
- Zolotoy Rog bridge^[195]
- Russky Island Bridge^[196] (the longest cable-stayed bridge in the world)
- Far Eastern Federal University^[197] (the new federal university formed in April 2010; the campus is expected to be built by the start of APEC Russia 2012)
- Vladivostok International Airport expansion^[198]

2013

Amur Yakutsk Mainline^[199] (the first part of the TKM-World Link)
Boguchany Aluminium Smelter^[200]
Kuznetsovsky Tunnel^[201] (at 3,890 metres, one of the longest railway tunnels in Russia; expected to double the traffic on the Eastern part of the Baikal Amur Mainline)
Leningrad Nuclear Power Plant II^[202]
Luna-Glob program^[203] (a mission to Moon, the first of four missions planned before the creation of a fully robotic lunar base scheduled for after 2015)
Mikoyan MiG-35 4++ generation jet fighter^[204] (the expected date of the start of serial production is given)
Mil Mi-38 transport helicopter^[205] (has both military and civil versions; the expected date of the start of serial production is given)
Novovoronezh Nuclear Power Plant II^[206]
Pulkovo International Airport reconstruction and expansion (Saint Petersburg)^[207] (currently the fourth largest airport in Russia by passenger traffic; the expected completion date of the first stage of expansion is given)
2013 Summer Universiade in Kazan^[208] (July)
Admiralty Shipyard extension to Kronshtadt^[209] (September) (construction of a new shipyard on Kotlin Island near Kronshtadt and relocation of the production facilities from Saint Petersburg)
Admiral Grigorovich class frigate^[210] (October) (the most modern frigate class currently under development for the Russian Navy)

2014

2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi^[211] (February)
- Sochi Olympic Park^[212]
  - Bolshoi Ice Palace^[213]
  - Maly Ice Palace^[214]
  - Sochi Olympic Oval^[215]
  - Sochi Olympic Skating Centre^[216]
  - Sochi Olympic Curling Centre^[217]
  - Sochi Olympic Stadium^[218]
  - Main Olympic village
  - International broadcasting center and main press-room^[219]
- Krasnaya Polyana^[220]
  - Biathlon & Ski Complex^[221]
  - Freestyle Skiing and Snowboard Park^[222] Y Done
  - Rosa Khutor Alpine Resort^[223] Y Done
  - Russian National Sliding Centre^[224]
  - Russian National Ski Jumping Centre^[225]
  - Rosa Khutor Plateau Olympic Village
- Sochi International Airport reconstruction^[226] Y Done (currently the 8th largest airport in Russia by passenger traffic)
- Sochi Thermal Power Plant^[227] Y Done (160 MW of installed capacity; the first two units launched in December 2004, and two more in December 2009)
- Siemens Desiro "Lastochka"^[228] (electric multiple-unit service to be launched in 2013 on the Tuapse - Adler route, as well as on other Russian railways; a joint German-Russian company will produce the units in Russia after 2011)
- Don Motorway reconstruction^[229] (the main roadway connection between Moscow and the Southern Russia)
Russian Grand Prix^[230] (the Russian round of the Formula One Grand Prix; the Sochi Olympic Park Circuit will be built in the Sochi Olympic Park)
Fobos-Grunt sample return mission^[231] (August) (a mission to Fobos, one of the moons of Mars; the first Russian planetary science mission since Mars 96 and the first large-scale extraterrestrial sample return mission since 1976; the expected date of the return vehicle landing back on Earth is given)
Krasnoyarsk Metro^[232]
Sakhalin-III (oil and gas)^[233] (the date of the expected start of gas production is given)
Solntsevskaya Line of the Moscow Metro^[234] (The 13th line in the system)
Kerch Strait Bridge^[235]
Titanium Valley^[236] (a special economic zone in the Urals Federal District, centered around the world's largest titanium producer, VSMPO-Avisma; will focus on creating products for the aircraft, automotive, shipbuilding and medical industries)

2015

Marine Facade of Saint Petersburg^[237] (the largest European waterfront development project, involving the inwashing of 476 hectares of new territories)
- New Sea Passenger port^[238] Y Done (the 1st stage of the port was opened in September 2008; construction proceeds)
- Saint Petersburg City^[239] (new business district outside the UNESCO World Heritage historical centre of Saint Petersburg)
- New residential areas^[239]
- Western Rapid Diameter^[240] (46.6 km long freeway along the seaside part of Saint Petersburg, serving as diameter for the Saint Petersburg Ring Road; in October 2008 the first part of the road was opened; two large-scale bridges are planned across the Bolshaya Neva and the Malaya Neva in the Neva River delta)
New Rostov-on-Don Airport^[241] (also known as "South Hub")
Olovozavodskoy Bridge in Novosibirsk^[242] (2095.7 metres long; the third bridge over the Ob River in Novosibirsk)
PAK FA fifth generation fighter^[243] (the first serial non-American fifth generation fighter)
Rus-M^[244] (intended to become Russia's main launch vehicle for manned spaceflight, including the Prospective Piloted Transport System)
NS Kazan^[245] (a Yasen class nuclear submarine; the date of expected introduction into service is given)
NS Svyatitel Nikolay^[246] (a Borei class nuclear submarine; the date of expected introduction into service is given)
Port Taman^[247] (expected to become one of the three largest ports in Russia)
Vostochny Cosmodrome^[248] (the first launch is expected in 2015, the first manned launch in 2018)
Vostochny Port reconstruction and expansion^[249] (the largest port in the Russian Far East)
South Stream langeled pipeline (gas)^[250]
Altai gas pipeline^[251]

2016

2016 IIHF World Championship in Moscow and Saint Petersburg^[252] (April–May)
Baltic Nuclear Power Plant^[253]
Irkut MS-21 short-range and mid-range jet airliner family^[254]
Khvalynskoye gas field^[255] (offshore gas field in the Caspian Sea, operated by Russia and Kazakhstan)
Moscow International Business Center^[256]
- Tower 2000^[257] Y Done (completed at the end of 2001)
  - Bagration Bridge^[258] Y Done (foot bridge over the Moscow River adjacent to the Tower 2000; opened in September 1997)
- Moscow Expo Center^[259] Y Done (original pavilions existed from the 1970s and 1980s; new ones were added in the 2000s)
- City Palace^[260] (originally scheduled to be completed in 2013)
- Imperia Tower^[261] (scheduled to be completed by the end of 2010)
- Central core^[262] (above-ground retail-entertainment center and hotel plus underground metro stations; originally scheduled to be completed in 2014)
  - Delovoy Tsentr (Moscow Metro)^[263] (a planned station of the Kalininskaya Line of the Moscow Metro; expected to be opened by 2015)
  - Vystavochnaya (Moscow Metro)^[264] Y Done (a station of the Filyovskaya Line of the Moscow Metro; opened on 10 September 2005)
  - Mezhdunarodnaya (Moscow Metro)^[265] Y Done (a station of the Filyovskaya Line of the Moscow Metro; opened on 30 August 2006)
- City of Capitals^[266] Y Done (at 301.6 metres, the tallest building in Europe, completed in 2009; commercial exploitation is expected by the end of 2010)
- Naberezhnaya Tower^[267] Y Done (blocks A, B, and C completed in 2004, 2005 and 2007; at 268.4 meters, the 59-story tower C remained the tallest building in Europe until the City of Capitals was completed in 2009)
- Transport Terminal^[268] (will provide access to the Aeroexpress lines and the Moscow Metro stations, as well as include offices, hotels, a clinic, and parking; scheduled to be completed in 2016)
- Eurasia Tower^[269] (scheduled to be completed in 2011)
- Federation Tower^[270] (to be completed in 2011; at 360.4 metres at the top roof or 506 metres with a spire, will become the tallest building in Europe)
- Mercury City Tower^[271] (to be completed in 2011)
- City Hall and City Duma^[272] (to be completed in 2012)
- Mixed Use Residential, Office and Hotel space^[273] (to be completed in 2012)
- Northern Tower^[274] Y Done (completed in 2007)
- Exhibition-business complex^[275] (to be completed in 2014)
Omsk Metro^[276]
Russkoye field (oil)^[277]
UAC/HAL Il-214 military transport aircraft^[278] (a medium-lift transport aircraft being developed by Russia and India; the date of expected induction given)
Košice – Vienna broad gauge track^[279] (the extension of the Uzhhorod – Košice broad gauge track in Slovakia up to Vienna in Austria; eliminating the tranship between the Russian broad gauge and standard gauge will cut rail journey time from the Far East to Europe to 14 days, around half that of maritime transport)
Shtokman field (gas)^[280] (the 5th largest gas field in the world; the largest fully offshore gas field)
Yakutia–Khabarovsk–Vladivostok pipeline (gas)^[281]

2017

Belarus Nuclear Power Plant^[282] (the plant is built in cooperation with Russia, by Russian company Atomstroyexport)
Chelyabinsk Metro^[283]
Federation Island^[284]^[285] (an artificial island archipelago that will contain residences, hotels, cultural, leisure and recreational facilities and will be built in the shape of Russia)
2017 FIFA Confederations Cup^[286] (June)

2018

2018 FIFA World Cup^[286] (June–July)
- Kaliningrad Stadium in Kaliningrad^[287]
- New Zenit Stadium in Saint Petersburg^[288] (under construction; to be completed in 2011)
- Luzhniki Stadium expansion in Moscow^[289]
- Dynamo Stadium reconstruction in Moscow^[289] (under reconstruction since 2008)
- Spartak Stadium in Moscow^[289] (to be completed in 2012)
- Moscow Region Stadium in Moscow Region^[289]
- Rubin Stadium in Kazan^[290] (under construction; to be completed in 2012)
- Nizhny Novgorod Stadium in Nizhny Novgorod^[291]
- Shinnik Stadium reconstruction in Yaroslavl^[292]
- Samara Stadium in Samara^[293]
- Central Stadium reconstruction in Volgograd^[294]
- Saransk Stadium in Saransk^[295]
- Krasnodar Stadium in Krasnodar^[296]
- Rostov-on-Don Stadium in Rostov-on-Don^[297]
- Sochi Olympic Stadium in Sochi^[298] (under construction; to be completed by 2014 Winter Olympics)
- Central Stadium reconstruction in Yekaterinburg^[299]
Moscow – Saint Petersburg motorway^[300] (700-kilometer long, one of the first major toll roads in Russia, the first part to be completed in 2013)
Prospective Piloted Transport System^[301] (a new-generation reusable manned spacecraft system; the first unmanned launch is planned for 2015 and manned for 2017–2018)
Sukhoi/HAL FGFA fifth generation fighter^[302] (the fifth-generation fighter being developed by Russia and India; a derivative project from the PAK FA; the date of expected introduction is given)
Yekaterinburg City^[303]

2019

International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor^[304] (November) (the world's largest and most advanced experimental tokamak nuclear fusion reactor; construction started in France under joint cooperation of Japan, the European Union, South Korea, the People's Republic of China, India, the United States and Russia; the expected date of production of the first plasma is given)

2020

Orbital Piloted Assembly and Experiment Complex^[305] (the proposed successor to the Russian Orbital Segment of the International Space Station, to be constructed as a combination of some of the old modules with addition of the new ones)
S-500 air defence system^[306] (expected to become the world's best air defence system; the timeframe of deployment is given)
Rostov Metro^[307]

2025

Baikal Amur Mainline reconstruction and expansion^[308] (the cargo traffic is expected to triple by 2020)
Central Ring Road (Moscow Oblast)^[309] (521 km long ring road in the Moscow Oblast aimed into reducing the transit traffic in the Moscow hub of the Russian federal motorways; the road will include several existing roadways, while the first new part is expected to be opened in 2012)
Tupolev Tu-244 supersonic transport^[310] (second-generation supersonic transport aircraft; the expected timelimit of the start of exploitation is given)

2030

PAK DA stealthy strategic bomber^[311] (the expected timeframe of introduction to service is given)
Salekhard–Igarka Railway^[312] (some parts are already built; the first part of the renewed project is expected to be completed by 2014)
TKM-World Link^[313] (planned link between Eurasia and North America via the Bering Strait Tunnel, providing oil, natural gas, electricity, and railroad passengers between Russia and the United States/Canada; completion of the first part, the Amur Yakutsk Mainline, is expected in 2013)
- Bering Strait Tunnel^[313]
Sakhalin Tunnel^[314] (the tunnel between mainland and Sakhalin, the largest Russian island; may be built together with Sakhalin–Hokkaidō Tunnel)

References

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^ Yemelyanovo Airport: About at the Yemelyanovo Airport official website (Russian)
^ Lukoil commissions Nakhodkinskoye gas field at Lukoil official site
^ UAZ Patriot at uazbuka.ru (Russian)
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^ Brief History at the Siberian Federal University official site.
^ Khakas Aluminium Smelter at the United Company RUSAL official site
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^ MiG-29K at deagel.com
^ The new heart of the Hunter at lenta.ru (Russian)
^ "Northern" way for oil products at en.portnews.ru
^ About the KHL at the Kontinental Hockey League official site
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^ ^a ^b ^c ^d About ChelPipe:History at the Chelyabinsk Pipe Rolling Plant official site
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^ Vice Premier Ivanov named the date of the GLONASS restoration at lenta.ru (Russian)
^ The State Academic Bolshoi Theatre of Russia: Reconstruction & Renovation at bolshoi.ru
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^ Press Center: Lokomosky project has been approved by the government of Ulyanovsk Oblast at the Lokomosky official site
^ Mariinka-2 delayed for three months at bn.ru (Russian)
^ The roadway part of the double-use bridge over Oka has been successfully tested at the site of Nizhny Novgorod government (Russian)
^ Future at the official site of the Skolkovo innovation center (Russian)
^ SSBN Alexander Nevsky was moved to floating dock at rusnavy.com
^ Yamal megaproject at Gazprom.com
^ Bovanenkovo at Gazprom.com
^ Bovanenkovo – Ukhta and Ukhta – Torzhok at Gazprom.com
^ Gazprom opened the Obskaya Bovanenkovo Railway at yamaltransstroy.ru (Russian)
^ Bridge Crossing Over Yuribey River Floodplain at the Gazprom official website
^ Kramer, Andrew E. (13 December 2010). "Russian Billionaire Backs New Hybrid Car". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/14/business/global/14hybrid14.html?_r=1&hpw. Retrieved 14 December 2010.
^ APEC Russia 2012 Official site.
^ Construction of a bridge across the Golden Horn Bay in Vladivostok APEC Russia 2012 Official site.
^ Construction of a bridge to the Russkiy Island across Bosporus the Eastern Strait APEC Russia 2012 Official site.
^ Far Eastern Federal University Official site.
^ Modernization of Vladivostok Airport APEC Russia 2012 Official site.
^ Russia BasEl's wins tender to build Yakutia railroad Reuters, November 6, 2008
^ BEMO project at the United Company RUSAL official site (Russian)
^ Press release on the Kuznetsovsky Tunnel at press.rzd.ru (Russian)
^ Leningrad Nuclear Power Plant II at Spbaep.ru (Russian)
^ Russian spacecrafts will research the ice on the Moon at infox.ru (Russian)
^ The production of MiG-35 will start in 2013-2014 at volga.rian.ru (Russian)
^ Mi-38 helicopter production to begin in 2013 at RIAN
^ OAO "FSK EES" cancelled the construction organisations' applications because of the delay of NNPP II's first powerblock introduction date at Atominfo.ru (Russian)
^ Development project at the Pulkovo International Airport official site (Russian)
^ Universiade 2013 in Kazan Official site.
^ USC will spent 35 billion on the Kronshtadt project at rbcdaily.ru (Russian)
^ A new frigate is laid down in Kaliningrad for the Russian Navy at rian.ru (Russian)
^ 2014 Winter Olympics Official website
^ Coastal Cluster at the 2014 Winter Olympics Official website
^ Bolshoi Ice Palace at the 2014 Winter Olympics Official website
^ Maly Ice Palace at the 2014 Winter Olympics Official website
^ Olympic Oval at the 2014 Winter Olympics Official website
^ Sochi Olympic Skating Centre at the 2014 Winter Olympics Official website
^ Sochi Olympic Curling Centre at the 2014 Winter Olympics Official website
^ Central Stadium at the 2014 Winter Olympics Official website
^ Press Center at the 2014 Winter Olympics Official website
^ Mountain Cluster at the 2014 Winter Olympics Official website
^ Biathlon & Ski Complex at the 2014 Winter Olympics Official website
^ Freestyle Skiing and Snowboard Park at the 2014 Winter Olympics Official website
^ Rosa Khutor Alpine Resort at the 2014 Winter Olympics Official website
^ Russian National Sliding Centre at the 2014 Winter Olympics Official website
^ Russian National Ski Jumping Centre at the 2014 Winter Olympics Official website
^ Sochi International Airport Official website
^ Sochi Thermal Power Plant at global-es.ru (Russian)
^ Siemens signs Russian Olympic train order at railwaygazette.com
^ About the M4 highway reconstruction at rosavtodor.ru (Russian)
^ Russian carmaker seals F1 deal with Virgin cnn.com
^ "Timeline for the Phobos Sample Return Mission (Phobos Grunt)". Planetary Society. October 27, 2010. http://www.planetary.org/blog/article/00002738/. Retrieved 2010-10-28.
^ Krasnoyarsk Metro to be launched in 2014 at rosmetrostroy.ru (Russian)
^ Sakhalin III at Gazprom.com
^ Extension plans at the official site of the Moscow Metro (Russian)
^ Medvedev and Yanukovich agreed on the construction of the Kerch Strait Bridge Lenta.ru (Russian)
^ Titanium valley to draw investment at rt.com
^ Marine faсade Official website
^ New Passenger Port of St. Petersburg Official website
^ ^a ^b Territory development project at the Marine Facade official website
^ Western High-Speed Diameter Official website
^ International Airport "South Hub" at ipa-don.ru (Russian)
^ Olovozavodskoy Bridge: A new hope at news.ngs.ru (Russian)
^ PAK-FA Will Be Operational In 2015: Executive at Aviationweek.com
^ Vice-Head of the Russian Space Agency Viktor Remishevsky: We plan to start flight tests of the Rus-M by 2015 at federalspace.ru (Russian)
^ Russia Chooses Its Future Armament at www.ato.ru
^ SSBN Borei Class Nuclear Missile Submarine, Russia at naval-technology.com
^ A new port with a cost of 100 billion rubles to be built on a Black Sea lenta.ru
^ New Russian cosmodrome, Vostochny at Tvroscosmos.ru (Russian)
^ Port Vostochny APEC Russia 2012 Official site.
^ "South Stream to be commissioned by Dec 31, 2015 – Miller". ITAR-TASS. 2009-05-15. http://www.itar-tass.com/eng/level2.html?NewsID=13944611&PageNum=0. Retrieved 2009-05-16.
^ Altai Project at Gazprom.com
^ 2016 Worlds go to Russia at the IIHF official website
^ "Russia to build Kaliningrad nuclear plant". UPI. 2009-09-029. http://www.upi.com/Science_News/Resource-Wars/2009/09/29/Russia-to-build-Kaliningrad-nuclear-plant/UPI-96641254255230/. Retrieved 2009-10-14.
^ "MS-21 family of short-range and mid-range jet airliner". United Aircraft Corporation. http://www.uacrussia.ru/ru/models/civil/ms_21/. Retrieved 2008-12-18. (Russian)
^ "Khvalynskoye Oil and Gas Field, International". Offshore-Technology. Net Resources International. http://www.offshore-technology.com/projects/khvalynskoye-field/. Retrieved 2010-07-07.
^ Moscow City Official website (Russian)
^ Tower 2000 at the Moscow City official website (Russian)
^ Tower 2000 and Bagration Bridge at drumsk.ru (Russian)
^ Moscow Expo Center Official website
^ City Palace at the Moscow City official website (Russian)
^ Aquapark and Imperia Tower at the Moscow City official website (Russian)
^ Central core at the Moscow City official website (Russian)
^ Order of Government of Moscow №564-PP of 24 June 2008
^ Vystavochnaya at the Moscow Metro Official site (Russian)
^ Mezhdunarodnaya at the Moscow Metro Official site (Russian)
^ City of Capitals at the Moscow City official website (Russian)
^ Naberezhnaya Tower at the Moscow City official website (Russian)
^ Transport Terminal at the Moscow City official website (Russian)
^ Eurasia Tower at the Moscow City official website (Russian)
^ Federation Tower at the Moscow City official website (Russian)
^ Mercury City Tower at the Moscow City official website (Russian)
^ City Hall and City Duma at the Moscow City official website (Russian)
^ Mixed Use Residential, Office and Hotel space at the Moscow City official website (Russian)
^ Northern Tower at the Moscow City official website (Russian)
^ Exhibition-business complex at the Moscow City official website (Russian)
^ On construction of the Omsk Metro at kommersant.ru (Russian)
^ "TNK-BP to start commercial production at Russkoye oil field 2016". ITAR-TASS. 2010-12-15. http://plasma-prospect.com/en/articles/primetass/tnk-bp_to_start_commercial_production_at_russkoye_oil_field_2016.html. Retrieved 2011-01-23.
^ Options Expand in Heavy Lift at aviationweek.com
^ Wien broad gauge agreement signed at railwaygazette.com
^ Shtokman at Gazprom.com
^ "Gazprom Eying Chayandinskoye, Sakhalin-3 Licenses". Rigzone. 2008-06-15. http://www.rigzone.com/news/article.asp?a_id=46486. Retrieved 2008-08-02.
^ "Construction of nuclear power plant will become guaranty of national security for Belarus — expert". Regnum. 2008-02-12. http://www.regnum.ru/english/955911.html. Retrieved 2008-08-03.
^ Chelyabinsk Metro at chelmetro.ru (Russian)
^ Federation Island Official site
^ Federation Island in Russia - the giant artificial island project at s-sm.ru (Russian)
^ ^a ^b 2018 Russian bid: Host cities Official website
^ Kaliningrad at the Russia 2018 FIFA World Cup bid official website
^ Saint Petersburg at the Russia 2018 FIFA World Cup bid official website
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Moscow at the Russia 2018 FIFA World Cup bid official website
^ Kazan at the Russia 2018 FIFA World Cup bid official website
^ Nizhny Novgorod at the Russia 2018 FIFA World Cup bid official website
^ Yaroslavl at the Russia 2018 FIFA World Cup bid official website
^ Samara at the Russia 2018 FIFA World Cup bid official website
^ Volgograd at the Russia 2018 FIFA World Cup bid official website
^ Saransk at the Russia 2018 FIFA World Cup bid official website
^ Krasnodar at the Russia 2018 FIFA World Cup bid official website
^ Rostov-on-Don at the Russia 2018 FIFA World Cup bid official website
^ Sochi at the Russia 2018 FIFA World Cup bid official website
^ Yekaterinburg at the Russia 2018 FIFA World Cup bid official website
^ Moscow – Saint Petersburg motorway to be complete by 2018 at rian.ru (Russian)
^ Prospective Piloted Transport System, PPTS/AC/tS at russianspaceweb.com
^ India says to have fifth-generation jets in 2018 at economictimes.indiatimes.com
^ Yekaterinburg City Official website
^ A year of momentous and symbolic events at the ITER official site
^ Zak, Anataloy (2009-07-03). "Orbital Piloted Assembly and Experiment Complex". Russianspaceweb.com. http://www.russianspaceweb.com/opsek.html. Retrieved 2009-07-04.
^ Russia to revamp air-space defenses by 2020 - Air Force chief RIA Novosti
^ Rostov Metro at metro-rostova.ru (Russian)
^ The second birth of BAM at rg.ru (Russian)
^ There will be no traffic jams in 2025 at rg.ru (Russian)
^ Tu-244 at infuture.ru (Russian)
^ Russia to develop new strategic bomber by 2017 atrian.ru
^ Industrial Urals & Polar Urals build $1.9bn Salekhard & Nadym railroad at marchmontcapital.com
^ ^a ^b Russia Plans World's Longest Tunnel, a Link to Alaska The News is NowPublic.com
^ "Russian President wants to connect Sakhalin with the Mainland" (in Russian). Prima Media. 19 November 2008. http://primamedia.ru/news/show/?id=85418.